The Fundamental Unit of Life - MCQs
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Maths
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TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS-Exercise 3.2
Exercise • Jan 2026
Trigonometric Functions form a crucial foundation of higher mathematics and play a vital role in physics, engineering, astronomy, and real-life proble...
Maths
Continue Reading →
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS-Exercise 3.1
Exercise • Jan 2026
Trigonometric Functions form a crucial foundation of higher mathematics and play a vital role in physics, engineering, astronomy, and real-life proble...
Frequently Asked Questions
The cell is the fundamental unit of life found in all living organisms responsible for structure and function.
Robert Hooke discovered the cell in 1665 while observing cork cells under a microscope.
The two main types of cells are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
The cell theory was proposed by Schleiden and Schwann, and later modified by Rudolf Virchow.
It states that all living organisms are made of cells and new cells arise from pre-existing ones.
Prokaryotic cells are simple cells without a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, like bacteria.
Eukaryotic cells have a well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles like plant and animal cells.
The plasma membrane is selectively permeable and controls material movement in and out of the cell.
Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance between the nucleus and cell membrane containing organelles.
Cell organelles are specialized structures like mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and ribosomes that perform specific functions.
The nucleus contains chromosomes composed of DNA and proteins, controlling heredity and cell activities.
In prokaryotic cells, nucleoid is an undefined region containing genetic material without a membrane.
Mitochondria produce energy in the form of ATP, through the process of cellular respiration.
Because it generates energy needed for metabolic processes in the form of ATP.
Ribosomes are organelles responsible for protein synthesis.
The ER helps in synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids within the cell.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (with ribosomes) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (without ribosomes).
It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport inside or outside the cell.
Lysosomes are sac-like structures containing digestive enzymes that break down waste materials.
Because they can digest their own cell when it is damaged or old.
Vacuoles store water, nutrients, and help maintain pressure and rigidity in plant cells.
Plant cells have large central vacuoles; animal cells have smaller, temporary vacuoles.
The cell wall provides structure, support, and protection to plant cells.
The plant cell wall is made up of cellulose.
Plastids are plant cell organelles involved in photosynthesis, storage, and pigment synthesis.
Chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts are types of plastids.
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and capture sunlight for photosynthesis.
Chromoplasts contain pigments other than chlorophyll that give color to flowers and fruits.
Leucoplasts are colorless plastids that store starch, oil, and proteins in plant cells.
Peroxisomes contain enzymes for lipid metabolism and detoxification processes.
Diffusion is the free movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to low concentration.
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from lower to higher solute concentration.
Plasmolysis occurs when a plant cell loses water and the cytoplasm shrinks away from the cell wall.
Water enters the cell, causing it to swell.
Water leaves the cell, causing it to shrink.
There is no net movement of water; the cell retains its size and shape.
Cell division is the process by which one cell divides into two or more cells for growth and repair.
The types are mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis is the division of a somatic cell resulting in two identical daughter cells.
Meiosis is reduction division occurring in sex cells, producing four haploid gametes.
It controls all metabolic activities and contains hereditary information.
Chloroplasts help in photosynthesis by converting sunlight into chemical energy.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum plays an important role in detoxification.
Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts; animal cells do not.
Chromatin fibers are thin threads in the nucleus that condense to form chromosomes during cell division.
Centrosomes are organelles near the nucleus that help in spindle formation during cell division.
They help in movement and locomotion of cells.
No, cell shape and size vary depending on their function.
Cells are small to increase surface area to volume ratio for efficient transport of materials.
Specialized cells form tissues, organs, and organ systems to perform coordinated activities.
